The known effect in the relativity as gravitational lens could be an optical effect produced by the crystals.

This work shows that the data viewed in the experiment of 1919, was due to the effect of the crystals of water at the top of the atmosphere, and not to the curvature of space-time caused by the sun. Alberto Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity in 1915, but this theory go to science as a true fact then of experiments conducted in 1919, on the basis of this theory accepted scientifically was developed the theory of the big bang and almost all explanations in astronomy. The scientists who made the experiment during the eclipse of may 29, 1919. They believed that the displacement of the stars in the sky, was due to the curvature of space time due to gravity of the sun, and not by the optical effect produced by the water crystals at the top of the atmosphere, Because this effect of the crystals at the top of the atmosphere was not known for the time of the experiment.

Introduction; 

The solar eclipse of May 29, 1919, it was the scientific event more mediatic of the 20th century, which presented as the experiment that would give a winner between the two currents of scientific thinking of the epoch, between Newton and Einstein old science and the new science. And based on two similar theories, were prepared to explain the data of the experiment conducted by the famed astrophysicist sir Arthur Eddington.

The data of the experiment have been questioned many times, by some scientists, but analyzing the data from a modern perspective, we can say, that neither of the two theories explains satisfactorily the displacement of all the stars in the sky, and as we understand the words of Albert Einstein, "only 12 wise men in the world can understand relativity". But a current understanding of the effect lens, produced by the water crystals at the top of the atmosphere, could be the answer to the explanation of the displacement of the light from the stars in the sky, which are seen in the data of the experiment of the 1919 eclipse.

What is gravity? It is the force of attraction exerted by the Earth and other celestial bodies on bodies or objects posing there. It is also known as gravity or gravitational force.

What is gravitational lens? In Astrophysics a gravitational lens, also known as gravitational lens, is formed when the light from brilliant and distant objects like quasars is curved around a massive object (such as a Galaxy) between the emitting object and the receiver.

Gravitational lenses were predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory. In 1919 it is failed to prove the accuracy of the prediction. During a solar eclipse the astronomer Arthur Eddington observed is how curving the trajectory of the light coming from distant stars passing close to the Sun, producing an apparent displacement of their positions.

The TRG predicts that light when passing close to a large gravitational field (for example, near a star), its trajectory would bend, as is the case with a body that runs nearby.

When a ray of light passes close to the Sun its trajectory is affected since space-time is strongly curved in a setting of the Sun. 

How was the experiment, and that it was observed in the solar eclipse of 1919?

“STARLIGHT BENT BY THE SUN´S ATTRACTION”: THE EINSTEIN THEORY.

THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, Nov. 22, 1919. - 815

Writing in our issue of November 15, Dr. A.C. Crommelin, one of the British observers, said: “The eclipse was especially favourable for the purpose, there being no fewer than twelve fairly bright stars near the limb of the sun. The process of observation consisted in taking photographs of these stars during totality, and comparing them with other plates of the same region taken when the sun was not in the neighborhood. Then if the starlight is bent by the sun’s attraction, the stars on the eclipse plates would seem to be pushed outward compared with those on the supporting. (Einstein’s theory)… it is of profound philosophical interest. Straight lines in Einstein´s space cannot exist; they are parts of gigantic curves,”

Eddington, who led the experiment, first measured the “true” positions of the stars during January and February 1919. Then in May he went to the remote island of Príncipe (in the Gulf of Guinea off the west coast of Africa) to measure the stars’ positions during the eclipse, as viewed through the sun’s gravitational lens.

If we look at the picture we see that the results are contrary to the force of gravity, which is an attractive force and not repulsive.

But that said the scientists of the time to this image;

By Brown (1967), “Eddington was based this assessment in a premature of the photographic plate. Initially, the star doesn't "seem" bend as they should, as was required by Einstein, but then, according to Brown, the unexpected happened: several stars were then observed bending in a direction transverse to the direction expected, and other more doubling in a direction opposite to that predicts the relativity”.

According to Poor.1930, "Really the displacements of the stars in minimal grade do not present the similarities foreseen by Einstein; neither of the direction, nor of the sizes, nor the grade of its fall with distance of the Sun".

In some of the criticisms of this scientist to experiment told us something key, which helps to confirm that what seen in the picture, is the product of the optical effect by crystals

Poor: "The mathematical formula, with which Einstein calculated the deflection of the sun's ray’s interns on the edge of the sun, is a well-known formula of optics".

If the starlight is bent by the sun’s attraction, the stars on the eclipse plates would seem to be pushed outward compared with those on the supporting.

The explanation that we see in the 1919 illustration shows a shift towards the outside of the Sun opposite to the force of attraction that should produce gravity.

McCausland (2001) quotes the former editor of the journal Nature, Sir John Maddox:
"What is not so well documented is that measurements in 1919 were not very accurate"

"Despite the fact that the experimental evidence for relativity seems to have been very weak in 1919, enormous fame of Einstein has been kept intact and his theory since then has been considered one of the greatest achievements of human thought"

The BIPP asked:

"Was this the deception of the century?" and then said: "the relativity of the Eclipse of 1919 the Royal Society report deceived us for 80 years!"

McCausland said, "In the author's opinion, the confident announcement of decisive confirmation of Einstein's general theory in November 1919 was not a triumph of science, as it is often portrayed, but it is one of the most unfortunate incidents in the history of science of the 20th century".

Results;

Based on the results of the plates of the experiment of 29 May 1919, where we see an effect contrary to the displacement that would produce the gravity. The criticisms leveled at experiment by the scientists of the time. And knowing that the scientific community was not aware of the effect of the crystals at the top of the atmosphere, that this effect is often seen in nature, In addition to that the mathematical formula that Alberto Einstein calculate the deflection of light around the Sun, was a formula of optics, It can be said that the effect known as gravitational lens, is in reality a bad interpretation of the data of the experiment of 29 May 1919.

Conclusion;

As conclusion it can be said, what we know as effect gravitational lens, which we learned in the experiment of May 29, 1919, was in reality an optical effect produced by the water crystals at the top of the atmosphere. Also mathematically it is possible to be said that there are the same effect, because the mathematical formula with which Albert Einstein calculated the deviation of the light of the stars around the sun, was a mathematical formula of the optics, the same that is used to calculate the optical effect of the light in the crystals.

Bibliography;

http://www.wired.com/2009/05/dayintech_0529/

http://conceptodefinicion.de/gravedad/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_gravitacional

http://www.iar.unlp.edu.ar/divulgacion/art-difu-26.htm

http://eclipse-maps.com/Eclipse-Maps/History/Pages/1911-1920.html

http://es.metapedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#cite_ref-10

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_einsteinsp.htm

The deflection of light as observed at total solar eclipses Authors: Poor, Charles Lane Publication: Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 2, issue 4, p.173 Publication Date: 04/1930 Origin:

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